By , he had left school and was back in St. Boniface supporting his recently widowed mother and siblings. They feared losing traditional lands and livelihoods. An land survey by the Government of Canada stirred Riel into action. During the winter of , Riel, just 25 years old, formed a provisional government and presented Canada with a Bill of Rights that, on May 12, became the Manitoba Act, The Mtis Resistance John A. Macdonald's Response. John A. William McDougall was designated the first lieutenant governor of the North-West territories in Courtesy of the National Archives of Canada.
Current Topic: John A. See also: Dominion Lands Act. He led a group from Red River that prevented McDougall and a land-survey party from entering the colony. He was aware that his people had to work with the more reticent, less organized anglophones to satisfy their grievances. Local HBC officials remained neutral. They planned to hold it until the Canadian government agreed to negotiate. Representatives of the resistance were summoned to an elected convention in December. It proclaimed a provisional government, which was soon headed by Riel.
In January , Riel gained the support of most of the anglophone community in a second convention. It was agreed that a provisional, representative government would be formed. It would discuss terms of entry into Confederation with the Canadian government. Armed conflict persisted over the winter.
Riel seemed in control until he made the colossal blunder of allowing the court-martialling and execution of a prisoner. Thomas Scott was one of a group of English-speaking Ontario settlers who opposed the provisional government.
Amid the turmoil, Scott and some fellow Ontarians had been captured and imprisoned at Upper Fort Garry. Scott was executed by firing squad, despite outside pleas that Riel not carry it out. Canadian authorities were still willing to negotiate with Riel. But they refused to grant an unconditional amnesty to him and the leaders of the resistance. The provisional government organized the territory of Assiniboia in March It enacted a law code in April.
On 12 May, a new province called Manitoba was created by the Manitoba Act. Its territory was severely limited in contrast to the vast North West, which would soon be acquired by the Canadian government. Even within Manitoba, public lands were controlled by the federal government.
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