Find out more about gases and plasmas in this article. Just a fraction above this temperature — and only for some elements — a BEC occurs.
The atoms start behaving like little waves and start overlapping one another until they eventually act like one wave and essentially become a superatom.
They are not bonded or mixed — they have become indistinguishable from one another, having the same qualities and existing in the same place. Daniel Kleppner from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has a great description. It is important to understand that matter exists in all states and that matter can also change states. It does this by either using or releasing energy, and it is usually associated with changes in temperature and pressure. A simple example is water. If you have a block of ice, you have solid water.
Add heat a form of energy and the ice melts into liquid water that you could drink it has reached its melting point. Continue to apply heat, and the water will evaporate and turn into steam, which is water in a gaseous state it has reached boiling point.
This works backwards, too. Boundless vets and curates high-quality, openly licensed content from around the Internet. This particular resource used the following sources:. Skip to main content. Introduction to Chemistry. Search for:. Three States of Matter. Learning Objective Describe the three states of matter. Key Points Matter can exist in one of three main states: solid, liquid, or gas. Solid matter is composed of tightly packed particles. A solid will retain its shape; the particles are not free to move around.
Liquid matter is made of more loosely packed particles. It will take the shape of its container. Particles can move about within a liquid, but they are packed densely enough that volume is maintained. Liquid is probably the rarest state in the Universe, with the only discovered naturally occurring liquids being the Earth's surface water and our liquid metal core. Some astronomists believe that there may be water on a few of the moons in the outer Solar System and that water may have once existed on Mars and carved out its extensive canyons.
What makes one state different from another? The state of a substance at any particular temperature and pressure is dependent on how big its particles are and how strongly they bond together. On the other hand, gases under these same conditions tend to be made of small, light atoms or very small molecules that do not stick together well.
Liquids generally have particles which are somewhere in between these two extremes. Changing state does not change the substance When substances undergo a change of state they generally do not chemically change, or form new substances. They only undergo physical changes. Attractive forces? Can diffuse: Slower in liquids than gases due to: Slower in liquids than gases due to: slower motion and attractive forces.
Capillary Action: related to surface Capillary Action: related to surface tension; attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid. Ex: water transport from roots to leaves. Evaporation: Process by which particles escape from the surface of a nonboiling liquid. Boiling: change of a liquid to vapor bubbles appearing throughout the liquid. Solids and K. Amorphous glass solids. Definite shape and volume 2.
High Density and Incompressibility 4. Low diffusion rate: very slow. No regular pattern of atoms.
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