Diseases are another cause of poverty in Uganda. Infant and child mortality rates remain high, with deaths per 1, births. Families in Uganda are often large. With the lack of finances and resources, larger families are highly likely to fall below the poverty line. Agriculture contributed to 79 percent of poverty reduction in Uganda between and , but there is still much room for improvement.
Though a large portion of the population earns its livelihood through agriculture, there is still an excess in labor opportunities. Further improvement in productivity of agriculture is necessary to provide more work and bring people out of poverty. Although progress on education has been slow, it has been associated with income growth, higher resilience to shocks and diversification from agriculture, and higher migration from rural to urban areas. Progress in reducing poverty has been much slower in Northern and Eastern Uganda, and thus, the concentration of poverty is higher in these two regions.
For example, electricity is almost nonexistent in the Northern, Eastern and Western regions, where the proportion of households with access stands at 3.
This is far lower than Households in Uganda remain vulnerable. In fact between and , for every three Ugandans who were lifted out of poverty, two fell back. While total fertility rates have been falling in Uganda from 6. Further reductions can have positive effects on household living standards in both the short and longer run. The performance over the last decade was largely driven by good fortune. Moreover, many households remain vulnerable. In order to achieve its development goal as set in the Vision , Uganda must take priority actions to fight poverty in a sustainable manner.
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Working for a World Free of Poverty. Where We Work Uganda. Email Print. By it was evident that ten years of rapid macroeconomic growth had not resulted in the accompanying reduction in poverty anticipated by the architects of the approach, especially the ERP. It focused on agriculture, tourism, mineral extraction, oil and gas, infrastructure and human capital, with the goal of transforming Uganda into a middle-income country by For example, access to mobile phone technology and the costs of goods and services have changed.
Mapping the most recent extreme poverty data reveals that northern and eastern parts of Uganda have higher poverty headcounts than the other parts of the country Figure 1.
Our Spotlight on Uganda data tool makes it easy to access and understand information on poverty in Uganda at the national and district levels, and based on both economic and non-economic measures. District-level data can be used to perform comparative analysis and sub-regional analysis. Much of the information on poverty in this factsheet can be explored in greater detail using the Spotlight on Uganda.
A heatmap showing that the northern and eastern regions of Uganda have higher poverty headcounts compared to rest of the country.
It does not consider the depth of poverty. The data year is as per the source document publication date. Uganda instituted some of the harshest measures on the African continent following the outbreak of Covid In March , even before a single case was registered in the country, the government closed its air, land and sea borders.
Movement was restricted; schools, churches and shops were shut down; and the military enforced these measures with an iron hand. The government of Uganda estimates that poverty numbers, according to the national poverty line, could increase by 2. Uganda has achieved significant milestones in its fight against poverty over the past three decades, with poverty rates standing at Although levels are higher according to the international poverty line, the trend is also an overall decline in this period.
However, the proportion of people living in poverty according to the national poverty line increased by 1. Line chart showing an overall decline in poverty between and in Uganda, both according to the national poverty line and the World Bank's measure. Source: Development Initiatives, based on poverty headcount data from the World Bank.
While the poverty rate has fallen over time, the proportion of Ugandans classified as not poor but vulnerable to falling below the poverty line has increased. They are not living in absolute poverty but are poor relative to the middle class and are vulnerable to falling below the poverty line in the face of a negative shock.
This increase suggests that Uganda has been successful in reducing income poverty but less so in preventing it. Source: Development Initiatives based on data from the World Bank. Uganda has experienced increasing regional inequalities since the s.
Although northern and western regions have seen a decrease in the share of population in poverty since the s, the eastern region has recorded an increase in poverty from Similarly, poverty rates in the central region increased from Even in the regions where both the share and number of people living below the national poverty line has generally decreased since , there are stark differences between the rates of change at regional level Figure 4.
Bar chart showing poverty levels for Uganda's regions. While the poverty rates in central and western regions have historically been lower than that of eastern and northern Uganda, these two regions have recently recorded increases in poverty. The next section examines disparities between regions across a range of indicators on poverty and those relevant to poverty reduction.
Eastern Uganda, the region with the highest poverty rate, has some of the highest pupil-to-classroom ratios — much higher than the national average of 65 pupils per classroom Figure 5. Bar chart showing that Northern and eastern Uganda have higher-than-average pupil-to-classroom ratios. Source: Development Initiatives, Spotlight on Uganda.
Based on data from annual education sector statistical abstract, Ministry of Education. Eastern and northern Uganda, the regions with the highest average poverty rates in the country, have the lowest proportions of pupils with adequate space for sitting and writing Figure 6. Bar chart showing that northern and eastern Uganda have lower proportions of pupils with adequate sitting and writing space.
Note: This indicator refers to the percentage of primary school pupils in government- and private-run educational facilities who have adequate reading and writing space in their classrooms. This is a composite index based on performance against all district health indicators.
The higher the score, the better the rated performance with 0 the lowest score possible and the highest. On average, districts in northern and eastern regions scored lower than those in central and western regions Figure 7. This implies that the populations in regions with lower health scores experienced poorer quality of health services than those in regions with better scores.
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