Step 4: Put the decimal point in the quotient directly above the decimal point in the dividend. Step 5: Compare with your initial estimate. Sometimes, it's easier to use mental math to solve a decimal division problem. This is a good strategy when you can see that if you move the decimal points around, you can change the problem into one you've memorized the answer to. If the dividend is decreased by a factor of 10 , then the quotient will also decrease by a factor of And if the divisor is increased by a factor of 10 , then the quotient will decrease by a factor of Names of standardized tests are owned by the trademark holders and are not affiliated with Varsity Tutors LLC.
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Varsity Tutors connects learners with experts. Instructors are independent contractors who tailor their services to each client, using their own style, methods and materials. This reveals a reduced negative feedback influence of cortisol at the hypothalamus and pituitary and may explain at least in part the persistence of elevated plasma ACTH concentrations in carotid-denervated llama fetuses during the recovery period.
In conclusion, carotid denervation in the llama fetus completely prevented a cortisol response to acute hypoxemia without affecting the increase in plasma ACTH concentrations or the fall in adrenal vascular resistance. These data suggest a potent chemoreflex influence on adrenal cortisol release during acute hypoxemia in the llama fetus.
The llama fetus offers fruitful avenues for future research on the effects of high altitude on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal function. We thank Mr. Bernardo Barrales for the excellent technical assistance, and Mr.
Fernando Moraga and Dr. Am J Physiol : E — E Google Scholar. J Physiol : — Edwards AV , Jones CT The effect of splanchnic nerve section on the sensitivity of the adrenal cortex to adrenocorticotrophin in the calf. J Physiol : 23 — J Endocrinol : 81 — J Physiol Endocrinology : — Fetal Maternal Med Rev 6 : 17 — Am J Physiol : — Am J Physiol : R73 — R J Physiol : P. Iowa State University Press , Ames , p Google Preview.
Reprod Fertil Dev 7 : — Prog Cardiovasc Dis 20 : 55 — Petropoulos E , Timiras PS Biological effects of high altitude as related to increased radiation, temperature fluctuations, and reduced partial pressure of oxygen.
Prog Biometeorol 1 : —, — Frisancho AR Functional adaptation to high altitute hypoxia. Science : — Int J Biometeor 21 : — Springer-Verlag , Berlin and Heidelberg , pp — Wood CE Sinoaortic denervation attenuates the reflex responses to hypotension in fetal sheep.
Am J Physiol : R — R J Clin Invest 61 : Wood CE , Chen HG , Bell ME Role of vagosympathetic fibers in the control of adrenocorticotropic hormone, vasopressin, and renin responses to hemorrhage in fetal sheep.
Circ Res 64 : — Endocrinology 94 : — Jones CT , Boddy K , Robinson JS , Ratcliffe JG Developmental changes in the response of the adrenal glands of the fetal sheep to endogenous corticotrophin, as indicated by hormone responses to hypoxaemia. J Endocrinol 72 : — Int J Biometereol 35 : 1 — 5. Endocrinology 99 : — Am J Obstet Gynecol : — Am Physiol 4 Pt 2 : R — R Jones CT , Edwards AV Adrenal responses to corticotrophin-releasing factor in conscious hypophysectomized calves.
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Am J Physiol : E68 — E Pediatr Res 30 : — Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Sign In or Create an Account.
Sign In. Advanced Search. Search Menu. Article Navigation. Close mobile search navigation Article Navigation. Volume Article Contents Abstract. Materials and Methods. Riquelme , R. Oxford Academic. Cite Cite R. Select Format Select format.
Permissions Icon Permissions. Abstract This study tested the hypothesis that the fetal llama, a species adapted to the chronic hypoxia of life at high altitude, demonstrates a potent carotid chemoreflex influence on adrenocortical responses during acute hypoxemia. Table 1 Maternal blood gases, pH, and hemoglobin in normoxia and hypoxemia in the llama.
Intact pHa 7. Open in new tab. Table 2 Fetal blood gases, pH, hemoglobin, blood pressure, and heart rate during the experiment in the llama. Open in new tab Download slide.
Changes in ovine fetal adrenocortical responsiveness after long-term hypoxia. Google Scholar PubMed. The effect of splanchnic nerve stimulation on adrenocortical activity in conscious calves.
Google Scholar Crossref. Search ADS. The effect of splanchnic nerve section on the sensitivity of the adrenal cortex to adrenocorticotrophin in the calf. Reduced adrenal cortical sensitivity to adrenocorticotrophin in lambs with cut splanchnic nerves. Carotid sinus nerve section delays the increase in plasma cortisol during acute hypoxia in chronically-prepared fetal sheep.
Effect of bilateral splanchnic nerve section on adrenal function in the ovine fetus. Effect of different levels of simulated altitude on O 2 transport in llama and sheep. Chemoreflex and endocrine components of cardiovascular responses to acute hypoxemia in the llama fetus.
Endocrine responses of the llama fetus in utero during acute hypoxaemia at 0. Caridovascular responses to graded degrees of hypoxaemia in the llama fetus.
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